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| Senjata nuklir mini Davy Crockett tahun 1950-an. |
Forum Muslim - Artikel menarik tentang senjata nuklir mini. Awal maret lalu Presiden Rusia mengumumkan senjata-senjata terbaru Rusia, dua di antaranya adalah rudal jelajah dan torpedo yang digerakkan dengan reaktor nuklir mini sehingga membuatnya bisa terbang/menyelam tanpa batas waktu dan jarak.
Mantan Kepala BIN sebelum meninggal juga mengatakan bom bali adalah bom nuklir mini. Teknologi nuklir jauh dari yang dibayangkan manusia umumnya.
Karena link-nya diblokir Facebook, saya copaskan saja:
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Secret History of Mini-Nukes
By Gordon Duff, Senior Editor -May 3, 201811582
1950's Davy Crockett mini-nuke, given to Israel when decommissioned according to Colonel Jim Hanke, NATO nuclear weapons officer
Introduction by Gordon Duff, Senior Editor with Jeff Smith of the IAEA and VT
From (somewhat) declassified IAEA docs:
(Editor's notes: We have been given reams of material from a variety of investigations, much of which literally "turns the world upside down." This is from multiple sources, not all of it find the same answers. What we have noted is that the original 9/11 investigation, the real one, was a "preliminary," given to the White House, congressional leaders, the Pentagon and key judges. When follow up work was done, it was stored and not published or presented. They wanted to bury "nuclear 9/11" as deeply as possible.
Today, we are rewriting history. Each article stands alone, some written when published, some taken from key files and some, how do we say it, "informally" declassified. We have established and proven solid physics that have survived all challenges, we have also established the broad presence of nuclear state terrorism, much of it centered around Israel. We are also moving closer to a more "multinational" explanation for Israel's actions as we see them cooperating with others, the US, Britain, France, in weapons technology. Long ago it was established that these three nations pumped, not just technology, but nuclear material into Israel. We have shown exactly who and how that was done in a way no one else has come close to. Toward that end, this series, published under my name with some articles under Veterans Today, should be reviewed by scholars and scientists, security experts who really take their jobs seriously. We have made it very easy to get material that is no place else. Rooting around VT seems to be difficult for some. We aren't in the book publishing business nor are we selling snake oil. I have already been informed by "higher ups" that we have changed the world and that nuclear terrorism is not so attractive now that it is no longer secret. Toward that end, I want to thank those who are horribly offended by the truth and the damage we have done to their campaigns of lies and dissemblance. They have moved the cause of recognizing who our real enemies are forward so much more than they know.)
"It was not long before the scientists realized that in creating the tiny "core weapon" for the hydrogen bomb, they had also created a relatively lightweight micro nuclear weapon that could be carried by a single soldier for various uses against high value targets, including hydroelectric power stations and bridges.
Less than two years later, the first of the SADM [Special Atomic Demolition Munition] series shown at the top of this page was pressed into operational service. The "standard" SADM that evolved would eventually have a core of Plutonium 239 encased in a thin shell of non-fissile Uranium 238 known as a "neutron reflector".
Plutonium and Napalm flash burns – but can you tell which are which? When the 10-ton TNT equivalence SADM went critical, it obviously created far less radiation than the huge and inappropriately named "Little Boy" at Hiroshima, but still produced dangerously high levels of residual radiation. Most of this came from SADM's very "dirty" Uranium 238 reflector, which along with its Plutonium 239 core, exploded into millions of particles at the point of criticality.
This same non-fissile Uranium 238 material still causes serious illnesses today, after being fired by American tanks and aircraft as sub-critical Depleted Uranium [DU] shells or missile warheads. Ask anyone in southern Iraq and Kosovo how sick this stuff can make you.
The years rolled by and top-secret projects were initiated in America and Israel to replace the old SADM with its heavy weight and excess radioactivity, culminating in the successful development and testing at Dimona during 1981 of the "new" micro nuclear device. Using advanced nuclear physics, the scientists found a way of detonating the new "suitcase" bomb without the use of a Uranium 238 reflector, and further refined the Plutonium 239 in its core to 99.78%.
These measures resulted in a weapon considerably smaller and lighter than SADM, which also had another enormous advantage. The new Dimona micro nuke was the very first critical weapon that could be used in "stealth" mode. Gone was the dirty Uranium 238 reflector, and up went the purity of the smaller Plutonium 239 core.
Plutonium emits only alpha radiation, which is for all practical purposes "invisible" to a standard Geiger counter. In direct contrast with its more deadly cousins beta and gamma, alpha can travel only a few feet and is incapable of penetrating human skin. Remember that this micro nuke is a tiny weapon in terms of critical mass, with its limited number of particles distributed over a very wide area.
You will have to be within five feet to detect a single particle. Though the alpha particles cannot penetrate the skin, such radiation is extremely hazardous if inhaled because Plutonium is the most toxic substance known to man. If you breathed in a mouthful immediately after the blast you would be dead in less than an hour, perhaps within minutes."
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The following evidence clearly shows a mini yield semi-pure hydrogen bomb existed in 1958 and that it has had 40 years of refinement. The graphic in the upper right corner depicts the only published diagram of an atomic bomb in which public general knowledge of atomic weaponry is known. This is not the bomb that would be required for the WTC demolition. The bomb is a 2nd generation atomic bomb of the 'hydrogen bomb' category.
The H-bomb pictured is not a pure hydrogen bomb which is actually very closely related to the already developed 'neutron bomb'. In reality, this 2nd generation H-bomb is nothing more than a fission bomb used for a trigger with hydrogen fusion used for extra power. This bomb produces the results of which the general public is aware – massive power, radiation and millenniums of radioactive devastation. It is at least 30 to 40 year old, late 2nd generation technology that has been phased out for lower yield 3rd generation atomic weapons which have a longer half life, easier maintenance and an inserted energy source.
Note the use of DU in the weaponry. DU is used as the casing and as the container for the fusion reaction which becomes part of the fissionable material. This is important in the current international 3rd generation H-bomb usage and the hybrid fusion bomb. At first it was believed that the DU casing and the DU fusion container would most likely not be part of the late 3rd generation or 4th generation weaponry used in the WTC demolitions as it is too dirty (long term radioactive residue) for the pure hydrogen bomb needed. However, subsequent information of dust analysis, hybrid fusion, old known facts of pure fusion bombs, early low yield semi-pure warheads, neutron bombs, and knowledge that debris would be removed as classified information makes either scenario viable.
According to Howard Morland, in his article 'The Holocaust Bomb', second generation atomic bombs got their start in 1950 and came to fruition in 1956 with Eisenhower's announcement of a 95% clean bomb. In 1958 the Mk-41C was tested for a 9.3 Megaton yield, 4.8% of the energy was from fission with 95.2% from fusion. Less radioactive (more fusion and less fission energy) or semi-clean H-bombs were known then and were used for testing purposes only. The more powerful, mostly fission bombs were deployed for usage in a cognitive effort to produce maximum destruction on 'enemies' for generations and no forethought of the worldwide consequences. Among various other types of hydrogen bomb warheads, the W54 nuke was developed in 1961. The W54 was a micro-nuke that weighed 51 pounds and could be fired from a slightly modified ordinary bazooka. Different versions of the W54 ranged from .01 kt to 1 kt yield. Between the mid 1950's and the mid 70's both types (large yield dirty and small yield clean), of 2nd generation H-bombs were refined.
Focused nuclear explosions were envisioned in 1959. The mere directing of the yield was obviously known prior to 1959. Samuel Cohen has stated that a low yield neutron bomb may be tailored to direct yield and proposed the concept more than 35 years ago. An underground detonation causes shaping of the direction of yield as well.
Around 1960, the relatively pure H-bomb was modified for selective effects creating the first 3rd generation H-bomb – the Neutron bomb, Enhanced Radiation Warhead, or a mostly fusion bomb. The neutron bomb's energy was mostly based on fusion using Deuterium/Tritium with only a small fission component to ignite the fusion reaction.
The neutron bombs are designed to release at least 80% of its yield as neutrons at the expense of blast and heat as compared to previous fission-fusion warheads. It was not until around 15 years ago that the existence of the neutron bomb was noted. It was during this period that a trial regarding Chinese espionage forced the revelation of the neutron bomb.
Shortly thereafter, Reagan deployed the W70 (re-manufactured W-54's) version with a yield range of 0.8 kt to 1.6 kt. At least 2 years after the neutron bomb had been developed and tested, declassified May 1963, "The mere fact that the U. S. is "interested in pursuing" a program to determine the characteristics of an "enhanced radiation" weapon (neutron bomb)." The standard policy seems to be to develop the weapon, inform congress for development of the weapon and then to inform the public after they have been informed there is a need for the weapon.
Very little has been released about the specific selective refinements of 2nd and 3rd generation weapons in the last 40 years since their development. The fact refinement was taking place is proven by the neutron bomb. EMP effects have been another area of concern and refinement. While these effects were noted in 1950's testing, there was elevated interest in 1962 with the high altitude (HEMP) detonation producing a massive EMP effect. In November 1972, the following sentence was declassified: "The fact of existence of weapons with tailored outputs, e.g., enhanced x-ray, neutron or gamma-ray output, that we are hardening our weapons to enhanced weapon outputs and that high-Z materials are used in hardening nuclear weapons against high-energy x-rays." Note – the date is the declassification date, not the development date.
How small can a nuclear reaction be? Through hydrodynamic experiments for triggering fusion, extremely lows yield nuclear explosions have been generated on the magnitude of "several Pounds of TNT."" As noted above, in 1961 .01 kt was unveiled in 1961. In 1956, the Tamalpais with a yield of 0.072 kt was declassified.
Prior to the demolition of the WTC buildings, the largest imploded building, Hudson's Department Store was 2.2 million square feet with 33 levels and required 2,728 lbs of explosive. The WTC buildings were significantly stronger than the Hudson's building, but it is doubtful more than a 0.01 kt bomb would be needed for the 47 center columns designed to hold many times the weight of the buildings.
This program produced (partial list) the following information for a regular 0.01 kt yields, air ignition: Fireball max light radius = 25.4 meters, Max time light pulse width = 0.011 seconds, Max fireball airburst radius = 10.6 meters, Time of max temperature = 0.0032 seconds, Area of rad. exposure = 0.12 sq. miles; Blast wave Effects: Overpressure = 5 lb/sq. inch (160 mph) radius = 0.09 km, 1 lb/sq. inch radius = 0.26 km; Underground ignition: Crater diameter = 56 feet with a Richter magnitude of 3.52.
Thermal radiation damage range is significantly reduced by clouds, smoke or other obscuring materials. Surface detonations are known to decrease thermal radiation by half. A neutron bomb produces much less blast and thermal energy than a fission bomb of the same yield by expending its energy by the increase in the production of neutrons. Even the older neutron bombs produce very little long term fallout, but made considerable induced radiation in ground detonations. The half life of induced radiation is very short and is measured in days rather than years.
Summing up known information, an underground explosion of a pure (most likely) or semi-pure, Minimum Residual Residue direction focused 0.01 kt yield hydrogen bomb with selected enhanced radiation dispersal – most likely neutron since that radiation would be absorbed by the ground and building, and would decrease the blast and temperature effects.
In 1993, Joe Vialls exposes some facts about single explosions that were very similar to the 2001 WTC bombing. The article, "Micro Nukes in London," notes the sudden usage of massive explosions in business districts by the IRA with a brief mention of the 1993 bombing of the WTC. In the supposed first mega-bombing by the 'IRA', an eyewitness stated, "The ground shook under our feet. There was a brilliant white flash and a tall vertical column of smoke." Significant information about the Special Atomic Demolition Munition (SADM – the general class of the W54 warhead).
While the government was working on the usage of a conventional bomb to the corporate media, there was accidental filming of investigators of the bombing in full radiation protective gear. Description of the crater created by the second explosion reveals a hole 60 feet wide and 40 feet deep. Quotes of physicists' Galen Winsor, John McPhee and Theodore Taylor are prophetic for the usage of micro nukes. Taylor specifically notes the future usage of an extremely small micro nuke being used in the WTC in the year 1973.
Another crater 22 feet wide and 5 feet deep is noted in the article "Bali Micro Nuke – Lack of Radiation Confuses Experts." Within 48 hours the Bali government found traces of C4 explosive. Next came the revised explanation of explosives on top of gas containers. After that failed to explain noted facts, the next theory was explosives with napalm.
The final explanation from London quoted a reliable source that an IRA style bomb mixture was used. Still, there were significant problems with the story as the IRA had detonated 1,000 pounds of the mixture and there was no crater produced. The US bomb, BLU-82 – used for clearing helicopter landing zones in the jungles of Vietnam – contains 6.3 tons of high grade military explosive with an aluminum additive for increased heat, but does not create a crater. The 1/4 inch steel encased explosive is parachuted to its target and detonated 1 to 2 feet above ground. Approximately 40 people close enough to be vaporized simply vanished without a trace. Insights on Israel's .01 kt Dimona nuke are also related in this article. According to the information presented, the bomb uses highly enriched Plutonium 239, 99.78% pure, and only emits alpha radiation which is invisible to most Geiger counters.
Another Vialls' article dealing with the supposed vehicle bombing of the Australian embassy in Jakarta, "Zionists Nuke the Australian Embassy in Indonesia," reveals significantly more information on the nuclear attributes of the explosion. A surveillance camera caught the underground nuke explosion and is included in the article. There are pictures of the resultant mushroom cloud compared to a typical nuclear cloud. The crater left by the explosion was 18 feet in diameter and almost 10 feet deep. Pictures and information of the American Special Forces detonation of two trucks loaded with 1,000 pounds of Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO) compound are shown. Multiple links to Vialls' special coverage of 'terrorist's' bombings throughout the world are included at the end of his article.
Any terrorist truck bomb with less load capacity than 6.3 tons of explosive that creates a crater is a thermonuclear explosion until proven otherwise.
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"It is almost impossible to get a fission reaction going with U-238 except under immense neutron flux, it being, under normal conditions, a FISSIONABLE material, but NOT a FISSILE material, the latter class being capable of spontaneous fission under certain quantitative and kinetic material density increases and other considerations, as is possible with the traditional U-235 and Plutonium-239.
"However, U-238 or so-called "Depleted Uranium", i.e., U-238 fairly leached of its fissile U-235 content, IS fissionable under heavy neutron flux, which jumps it up into Plutonium 239 when it is deliberately used for the casing on the FUSION aggregate of a thermonuclear weapon (Hydrogen Bomb). LOW-YIELD nuclear weapons, i.e., of (relatively) low energy output, (between a few tons' and a few hundred tons' TNT-equivalent) combined with electromagnetic implosion using heavy fields generated by FCGs (Flux-Compression (explosive) Generators), can make even relatively miniscule amounts of Pu-239 fission, and are also much more efficient in the percentage of fissile material they manage to fission when they are initiated, so fallout is low, and the "Neutron Bomb" which is something like a very small nuke, produces a high-density neutron flux which can penetrate armor and also underground facilities and killed, most likely, the Iraqi soldiers in their dugouts in Kuwait, before they were bulldozed over.
In order to blow off the WTC , you would need to control the effect, yield and spreading angle of explosion. In October 2001, an earthquake of Magnitude 3 was registered in Western Pakistan (Near the battlefield of Afghanistan) and it was reported by several media as a possible explosion of tactical nuclear weapon in the form of Bunker Buster bomb. Apparently normal iron bomb cannot cause such earthquake. However, there was no record of higher radiation level in neighboring areas . Thus, it was attributed to the sympathetic detonation of the bombs under the ground. It can cause a Magnitude 3 earthquake and never cause the increasing level of radiation in neighboring areas. If you have already managed to load the bomb inside a Bunker Buster, you can use the same for WTC attack. You can detonate the bomb upward instead of downward. Conventional nuclear Bunker Busters are already developed and its effect and spreading yield can be well controlled. If you use a small nuclear bomb instead of an ordinary one, you can use a small nuclear bomb to demolish the WTC in deep secrecy. (FM)
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